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Defining the Different Types of Gemstone Cuts Cutting gemstones is often called lapidary. It is a process intended to transform a rough stone into a gem by bringing out its lust and color. There are several types of gemstone cuts that are common today.
The round cut, also referred to as a round brilliant cut has 57 facets. A facet is one of the flat, polished sides of the gem. The round cut is the most popular cut for diamonds.
The oval cut has 69 facets. The term oval is derived from the Latin word meaning egg, which helps to describe this cuts shape. The oval resembles an elliptical shape when observed from above.
The baguette cut gets its name from the French bread stick because of its long
shape. A baguette cut gem has 20 facets and is known for its oblong shape. To achieve this cut the gem must be cut in steps. This means the facets have to be cut in parallel layers, forming a pyramid shape and then cutting off the top.
The square cut generally has 57 facets. A square cut gem is cut similarly to an oval cut except all of the sides are the same length. Because of its symmetric shape this cut is often used to symbolize equality, order, justice, and truth.
A trilliant cut gemstone has 43 facets. This cut has a triangular shape that has its corners truncated. The trillion cut returns almost as much color as the round cut. It equilateral form makes it appear shiny and brilliant. Trilliant cuts are most popular with light colored gems such as diamonds, white sapphires and aquamarines, because this cut will maximize the reflective color. A trilliant cut is sometimes used to make a dark stone appear lighter.
The standard pear cut has 71 facets. This cut is a combination of the oval and the marquis cut. The shape of the stone is similar to a teardrop. The pear cut accentuates the stones color, and when placed in a ring can help give fingers delicate length.
The emerald cut usually has 50 facets. From the top an emerald cut gemstone looks like a rectangle with truncated corners. The shape is achieved using a step cut, with its facets resembling a staircase. The emerald cut showcases a gems color dramatically. The emerald cut was originally designed for emeralds. However, today the emerald cut is used on a wide variety of gemstones.
The octagon cut has 53 facets. This shape is achieved with a step cut as well, but it is different than the emerald cut in that the steps are not equidistant.
The marquis cut has 57 facets. It gives the gemstone the shape of an elongated oval that has been stretched to points at each side. The stone resembles a rugby ball when looked at from above. This cut is commonly enhanced by smaller gems surrounding it.
The antique cushion cut has approximately 64 facets. This cut is a combination of a deep cut with large facets and the oval cut. This gemstone cut is also commonly referred to as an old miner, old European, or pillow cut.
The princess cut generally has 76 facets. This cut is a combination of the square and round brilliant cut. This is a relatively new cut and is seen predominantly in engagement rings. It works best with lighter colored gemstones, primarily diamonds.
The heart shape cut has 59 facets. This cut is similar to the pear cut, with a cleft at the top. This cut is seen primarily in rings or earrings. Heart shape cuts require more work and are therefore more expensive.
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